ABSTRACT
Background: COVID-19 is caused by a novel virus that can cause lung abnormalities which can be measured with new chest x-ray scoring system named Brixia score. In COVID-19 patients, coagulation disorders are often found that can be seen through D-Dimer levels. This study aimed to prove the Brixia Score as a predictor of D-Dimer levels. Subjects and Method: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects were 94 COVID-19 patients which taken from ICU Melati 1 Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta from March 2021 to August 2021 who met the exclusion and inclusion criteria. The independent variable is the Brixia score performed by radiologists and the dependent variable is D-Dimer levels taken from laboratory results. Sampling was obtained by purposive sampling and the data were investigated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: 94 samples were obtained for analysis. The average Brixia Score of patients with D-Dimer <2 micro g/mL was Mean= 15.85;SD= 1.43 and D-Dimer 2 micro g/mL was Mean= 17.29;SD= 0.96. There was a significant difference between the Brixia Score of patients with D-Dimer <2 micro g/mL and D-Dimer 2 micro g/mL (p<0.001). Analysis with the ROC curve shows an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.793. The optimal cutoff value of the Brixia Score for predicting D-Dimer levels was 16.5 (sensitivity 77.9%, specificity 73.1%). Conclusion: Brixia Score proved to be a predictor of D-Dimer levels of COVID-19 patients in ICU care.
ABSTRACT
This study analyzed the chest CT of COVID-19 patients with clinical and laboratory features. A retrospective study of chest CT, laboratory analysis, and clinical features of patients with COVID-19 was conducted from March to September 2020. Sixty-nine symptomatic patients agreed to join the study. The scoring for chest CT was based on the proportion of lobar involvement with visual assessment. Chest CT scores were paired with clinical and laboratory findings. The relation of all these findings with the patients’ outcomes was statistically assessed with univariate and multivariate analyses. Ground glass opacity was the most common finding in the early course of the disease (≤ 7 days), while crazy-paving, consolidation, and fibrosis were dominantly observed in the late phase (>7 days). The CT score was significantly higher in severe patients (p < 0.0001) and late-phase than that in early-phase patients (p < 0.0001). CT score was significantly correlated with CRP (p<0.001), ALC (p=0.002) and NLR (p<0.001). Chest CT score correlates significantly with laboratory findings and disease severity in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, chest CT score has a potential role in estimating the outcomes of these patients. In addition, a Faster diagnostic workup in symptomatic cases would be beneficial to the patients.
ABSTRACT
Background: COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and has numerous clinical spectrums. Mild respiratory infection is the common clinical manifestation of COVID-19, and the less common is pneumonia accompanied by fever, cough, and breathing difficulty. Long COVID can be defined as prolonged signs and symptoms which cannot be explained for other reasons 4 weeks after being diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to describe the cause of illness is confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients, specifically on long COVID. Subjects and Method: We performed literature searches of the latest articles with Medline, CINAHL (EBSCO), Global Health (Ovid), WHO Global Research on COVID-19 database, LitCovid and Google Scholar databases published from 2019 to 2020. Two reviewers searched all articles independently (P and W, with 7 and 10 years of experience, respectively). We conducted a systematic review to provide recent evidence of symptoms and complications in long COVID. We followed PRISMA guidelines.